新概念1-2册新东方

新概念英语第三册语法精粹：独立主格结构

示例：

Being ill in bed, I can't go to school.

Mother being ill in bed, I can't go to school.

(1) 独立主结构形式可用以表时间，理由，条件，伴随状态等

He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.

=He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.

Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.

=If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.

School being over, the boys went home.

=When school was over, the boys went home.

The sun having set, we arrived at the station.

=After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.

王牌重点：当独立主格结构的主语表示“一般人”，如：we, one, you时，主语可省略，此用法常用于下列表达方式中：

generally speaking 一般来说

strictly speaking 严格地说

talking of ... 谈到

speaking of ... 说到

judging from ... 由……来判断

taking all things into consideration 把一切都考虑在内

considering ... 考虑到……

[示例]：

If we judge from his face, he must be ill.

=Judging from his face, he must be ill.

He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.

=He has lots of books, considering that he is young.

(2)with 复合结构也是独立主格结构形式之一。这种结构在句中作状语(表示原因，方式，伴随等)和定语，作定语时紧随被修饰名词后。

1.with 名词 介词短语：

The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.

The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand.

2.with 名词 adj.

with the door open, he left the classroom.

3.with 名词 adv.

With the gloves off, she felt cold.

With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.

4.with 名词 现在分词(主动)

with 名词 过去分词(被动)

Withthe guide leading us, we got to the village.

The boy was crying with the vase broken.

5.with 名词 不定式

With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.