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考博英语阅读长难句解析之【复合句型-定语从句】

一、理论常识

在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句。

结构：先行词 关系词(分为关系副词和关系代词) 从句

关系代词(that , who , which , whose , as)

关系副词(when , where , why , how)

定语从句分为限制性定语从句及非限制定语从句，限定从直接放在先行词后，非限定从与先行词之间要加逗号。

二、真题举例

例句1：The Aswan Dam , for example , stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity .

【重点词汇解析】deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物;silt，n. 淤泥 v. (使)淤塞

【参考翻译】例如，阿斯旺大坝阻止了尼罗河的洪水侵袭，但是也夺去了埃及的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥---这一切换来的却是一个巨大的病态的水库，这个水库积满了淤泥，以至于几乎不能发电了。

例句2：The second , by Joshua Greenberge , takes a more empirical approach to universality , identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages , which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints . (2012,49)

【重点词汇解析】empirical，adj. 经验主义的;result from 由……造成;cognitive，adj