the fact that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future is called the time value of money
total factor productivity analysis 总生产要素分析
the analysis of the relationship between output and the aggregate of all inputs; total factor productivity growth is calculated as the difference between the rate of growth of output and the weighted average rate of growth of inputs, where the weight associated with each input is its share in GDP
trade creation 贸易创造
new trade that is generated as a result of lowered tariff barriers