CCIE认证
Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert
CCIE,全称Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert ( 思科认证互联网专家) 。是美国Cisco公司于1993年开始推出的专家级认证考试。被全球公认为IT业****的认证,是全球Internetworkine领域中**顶 级的认证证书。获取CCIE证书是每一位网络技术人员的梦想,拥有CCIE证书不仅仅能够证明你有着专家水平的技术,而且还是对你实力的一种肯定也是象 征着荣誉的标识。
【教学师资】
杨老师
从业经验：
多年从业经验，对制造业企业网络、金融行业网络、IDC机房、社区宽带网 络及组播、IPV6、MPLS等前沿技术有独特的见解。先后从事大型跨国企业及大型跨国银行网络（如松下、久保田、三菱、三井银行等企业）的规划、建 设、实施和维护工作。针对运营商大客户提出的需求，制定合理的组网方案。 擅长把复杂现网的各种情况融入到课堂的理论讲解之中；对组播和IPv6 等前沿技术有深入的研究。
讲师资质:
深入研究了Cisco和华为两种认证，分别获得两种认证的顶级认证资质： Cisco方向拥有CCIE R&S认证与华为方向拥有HCIE级别认证
授课风格：
深入浅出，风趣幽默，能将多年的实际管理经验和咨询经验融合于课程内容 当中，将枯燥的理论知识与实际案例相结合，使学员在 活泼的气氛当中得到学习；授课内容切中要害、可操作性强。
---路由交换CCNA介绍（CCNA-RS）
1、路由原理复习和加深
2、浮动静态路由的原理和配置
3、递归静态路由的原理和配置
4、RIP协议复习和假声
Cisco交换机升级IOS的具体方法
Cisco交换机的IOS升级，其实挺简单的，但是需要注意的是，不能让交换机flash存储为空，一定要有一个IOS在，否则没有IOS在flash里面，等着用xmodem上传IOS吧，那样你的时间可以是废了很多啊。因为对于Cisco Catalyst 2950、2960、3550交换机丢失IOS或IOS故障时，是无法使用rommon模式的，因为压根儿就没有，只有Cisco Catalyst 4006、4506才有rommon模式，本篇文章以Cisco Catalyst 2950为例。
1、首先**TFTP Server，如何使用这里就不多说了，不明白的可以看这里，进入特权模式，配置端口ip，以便交换机与tftp服务器相连接。
Switch>en ——进入特权模式
Switch#conf t ——进入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#int vlan 1 ——进入端口vlan 1
Switch(config-if)#ip add 10.0.23.112 255.255.255.0 ——-配置vlan 1的ip地址为10.0.23.112
2、测试一下tftp服务器与交换机之间的网络连接是否畅通，畅通后，我们在交换机下查看flash情况。
Switch#show flash: ——-显示flash下的信息
Directory of flash:/
2 -rwx 3122176 Mar 01 1993 00:34:02 00:00c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-22.EA9 ——–现在所使用的IOS文件
.bin
3 -rwx 5 Mar 01 1993 00:01:17 00:00 private-config.text
5 -rwx 1148 Mar 01 1993 00:01:17 00:00 config.text
7741440 bytes total (4616192 bytes free)
3、上传新的IOS文件到交换机的flash存储中。将新的交换机IOS文件放入tftp服务器的根目录下。如果复制过程中出现not enough spaces提示，请先删除原来的IOS文件，如何删除IOS文件这里就不再提了，请访问这里参阅。
Switch#copy tftp flash: ——-从tftp拷贝文件到flash存储中
Address or name of remote host []? 10.0.23.4 ——tftp服务器ip地址
Source filename []? c2950-i6k2l2q4-mz.121-22.EA14.bin ——–要从tftp服务器中拷贝的文件名称
Destination filename [c2950-i6k2l2q4-mz.121-22.EA14.bin]? ——–保存到flash中的文件名称，可以直接回车
Accessing tftp://10.0.23.4/c2950-i6k2l2q4-mz.121-22.EA14.bin…
Loading c2950-i6k2l2q4-mz.121-22.EA14.bin from 10.0.23.4 (via Vlan1):!!!!!!!!!!
3722814 bytes copied in 87.708 secs (42446bytes/sec)
4、此时在我的交换机flash存储中就有了两个IOS文件，如果由于flash空间造成的只有一个新的IOS文件，默认重启是会自动加载新的IOS文件，直至正常启动，配置不会丢失，如果有两个IOS文件，此时我们就需要进行手动加载新的IOS设置。先把交换机断电，按住交换机的“mode”按钮，通常在交换机的正面，加电，此时不要松开“mode”按钮，会进入以下模式。
C2950 Boot Loader (C2950-HBOOT-M) Version 12.1(11r)EA1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Compiled Mon 22-Jul-02 18:57 by antonino
WS-C2950-24 starting…
Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:07:eb:85:0a:40
Xmodem file system is available.
The system has been interrupted prior toinitializing the
flash filesystem. The following commands will initialize
the flash filesystem, and finish loading the operating
system software:
flash_init
load_helper
boot
switch:
5、配置初始化flash
switch: flash_init ——初始化flash
Initializing Flash…
flashfs[0]: 4 files, 1 directories
flashfs[0]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories
flashfs[0]: Total bytes: 7741440
flashfs[0]: Bytes used: 6848512
flashfs[0]: Bytes available: 892928
flashfs[0]: flashfs fsck took 8 seconds.
…done initializing flash.
Boot Sector Filesystem (bs:) installed, fsid: 3
Parameter Block Filesystem (pb:) installed, fsid: 4
switch: dir flash: ——-显示flash下的文件
Directory of flash:/
2 -rwx3122176 c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-22.EA9.bin
3 -rwx 5 private-config.text
4 -rwx 3722814 c2950-i6k2l2q4-mz.121-22.EA14.bin
5 -rwx 1148 config.text
892928 bytes available (6848512 bytes used)
switch: boot flash:c2950-i6k2l2q4-mz.121-22.EA14.bin ———指定新的IOS文件启动。
6、回车后加载新的IOS文件，直至进入系统。
Loading “flash:c2950-i6k2l2q4-mz.121-22.EA14.bin”…############################
File“flash:c2950-i6k2l2q4-mz.121-22.EA14.bin” uncompressed and installed, entry
point: 0x80010000
executing…
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by theGovernment is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software – Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco Internetwork Operating SystemSoftware
IOS C2950 Software (C2950-I6K2L2Q4-M), Version 12.1(22)EA14, RELEASE SOFTWA
RE (fc1)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2010 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 26-Oct-10 10:35 by nburra
Image text-base: 0x80010000, data-base: 0x80680000
Initializing flashfs…
flashfs[1]: 4 files, 1 directories
flashfs[1]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories
flashfs[1]: Total bytes: 7741440
flashfs[1]: Bytes used: 6848512
flashfs[1]: Bytes available: 892928
flashfs[1]: flashfs fsck took 8 seconds.
flashfs[1]: Initialization complete.
Done initializing flashfs.
POST: System Board Test : Passed
POST: Ethernet Controller Test : Passed
ASIC Initialization Passed
POST: FRONT-END LOOPBACK TEST : Passed
This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United
States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and
use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply
third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption.
Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for
compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you
agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable
to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.
A summary of U.S. laws governing Ciscocryptographic products may be found at:
http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html
If you require further assistance pleasecontact us by sending email to
export@cisco.com.
cisco WS-C2950-24 (RC32300) processor(revision B0) with 19911K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID FOC0545X02G
Last reset from system-reset
Running Standard Image
24 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
32K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatileconfiguration memory.
Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:07:EB:85:0A:40
Motherboard assembly number: 73-5781-08
Power supply part number: 34-0965-01
Motherboard serial number: FOC0545034T
Power supply serial number: PHI054201CT
Model revision number: B0
Model number: WS-C2950-24
System serial number: FOC0545X02G
PressRETURN to get started!
7、安装成功后，查看配置，一般都不会丢失，如果没有什么问题，就可以删除之前的IOS文件了。
Switch#delete flash:
Delete filename []? c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-22.EA9.bin
Delete flash:c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-22.EA9.bin? [confirm]
大功告成，切记在没有IOS的情况下不要重启交换机，那样就只能用xmodem上传IOS了，很是费时间的差事。
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