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发布时间: 2016年03月30日

2017考研英语完型填空五大逻辑关系题

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从完型填空的命题形式来看,每个空都不是孤立存在的,而是处在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。从这个角度来说,完型文章实际上是由已知信息和未知信息构成。通过相关已知信息提供的线索进行分析总结,结合选项定位出答案,这就是完型解题的基本方法。而相关已知信息一般在上下句之中,而上下句之间往往有明显的逻辑关系,因此熟练把握这种逻辑关系就成为解题的关键所在。

逻辑关系题是完型填空的重要考查点,且容易得分,故成为完型的重要得分点。完型中主要考察的五大逻辑关系为:对立关系、因果关系、并列关系、总分关系和递进关系。

一、对立关系

包括让步和转折关系,常见的标志词和短语有:but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等。

如2000年完型第41题:

He must store a large quantity of grain ___ consuming all his grain immediately.

[A]other than [B]as well as [C]instead of[D]more than

答案:C

解析:此处考查的是逻辑关系,需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“储存了大量粮食”与空后“消耗所有粮食”形成对立关系,选C instead of。

二、因果关系

常用的标志词和短语有:because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason等。

如2004年完型第34题:

More families consist of one parent households or two working parents, ___, children are likely to have less supervision at home.

[A]contrarily [B]consequently[C]similarly [D]simultaneously

答案:B

解析:此处考查的是逻辑关系,需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“更多的家庭是单亲家庭或双工家庭”与空后“孩子在家很少受到监管”之间是因果关系,故所B consequently。

三、并列关系

常用的标志词和短语有:and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as等。

如2004年完型第25题:

Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, ___ as a rejection of middle-class values.

[A]or[B]but rather [C]but [D]or else

答案:A

解析:此处考查的是逻辑关系,需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“没有成功提升社会经济地位”与空后“排斥中产阶级的价值观”都可能是“犯罪”的原因,故空前和空后之间是并列关系,选A or。

四、总分关系

常用的标志词和短语有:such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等。

如2001年完型第31题:

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases ___ the trial of Rosemary West.

[A]as to [B]for instance [C]in particular [D]such as

答案:D

解析:此处考查的是逻辑关系,需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“prominent cases”与空后“the trial of Rosemary West”是包含的关系,总体与部分的关系,可以选for instance和such as,但for instance后面不能直接加名词,such as后要直接加名词,故选D such as。

五、递进关系

常用的标志词和短语有:then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more等。

如1994年完型第46题:

Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

___, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.

[A]Moreover[B]However [C]Preliminarily [D]Unexpectedly

答案:A

解析:此处考查的是逻辑关系,需要根据空前和空后来判断。此空位于段首,需要考虑本段与上一段的逻辑关系,上一段提到“careless use of words”给交谈带来的障碍,空后则提到“inaccurate or indefinite words”理解信息造成的困难。前后是递进关系,故选择A moreover。

掌握了逻辑关系这一个法宝,完型得分就不再是问题。


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