如何从出题人角度看托福阅读细节题

托福阅读细节题就是把托福阅读中的某一个信息摘出来，问大家在文章中这句信息的具体展现形式。考察的是考生对于文章中细节信息的把握。大部分考生可以根据题干中的某些特定概念来寻找到细节信息所在位置，然后对比选项和原文来得出结果。

托福阅读最值得大家关注的是它的出题过程。考官如何选择适当的位置来出题呢?

据资深的托福阅读老师分析，托福阅读细节题的出题有一些规律：同义改写。即考试出题者现在文章中找到一个句群，这个句群的意思就是这句话可以表达完整一个说法。出题者要先将这句话进行同义改写的处理，然后将这句话在某个部分分成两份，一部分放在题干中，另一部分放在选项中。这样的出题方式给大家的解题带来的障碍就是：首先要找到这个句群;然后要看清楚选项对原句的改写。

所以大家也能清楚为什么不管是什么来源的托福阅读细节题解题策略，都会是定位—核对的解题流程。为了让大家更加清楚上面的分析，下面小编为大家带来一个例子。

Paragraph 4: The astrolabe had long been the primary instrument for navigation, having been introduced in the eleventh century. It operated by measuring the height of the Sun and the fixed stars: by calculating the angles created by these points, it determined the degree of latitude at which one stood (The problem of determining longitude, though, was not solved until the eighteenth century.) By the early thirteenth century. Western Europeans had also developed and put into use the magnetic compass, which helped when clouds obliterated both the Sun and the stars. Also beginning in the thirteenth century, there were new maps refined by precise calculations and the reports of sailors that made it possible to trace one's path with reasonable accuracy. Certain institutional and practical norms had become established as well. A maritime code known as the Consulate of the Sea, which originated in the western Mediterranean region in the fourteenth century, won acceptance by a majority of sea goers as the normative code for maritime conduct; it defined such matters as the authority of a ship's officers, protocols of command, pay structures, the rights of sailors, and the rules of engagement when ships met one another on the sea-lanes. Thus by about 1400 the key elements were in place to enable Europe to begin its seaward adventure.

According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the maritime code developed in Europe in the fourteenth century?

○It mapped out lanes in the seas for trading ships to follow.

○It defined the ways in which people should behave at sea.

○It replaced an earlier code that could not be adapted to the sea trade with the East.

○It gave instructions on how to navigate a ship.

解析：根据关键词“maritime code”定位到段落倒数第二句话“A maritime code known as the Consulate of the Sea, which originated in the western Mediterranean region in the fourteenth century, won acceptance by a majority of sea goers as the normative code for maritime conduct”这个句群说明了maritime code的作用，题干中只提到了概念maritime code，正确选项B中则是原句maritime conduct的同义改写the ways in which people should behave at sea。

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