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发布时间: 2017年04月21日

2017年高考英语二轮复习:英语句子结构讲解及练习

 

  1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。

  The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)

  Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)

  To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)

  It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

  (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)

  (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词

  ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

  ② There is an old man coming here.

  ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

  ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

  2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。

  We study English. He is asleep.

  (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词

  ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall

  ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer

  ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus

  ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

  A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon

  ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast

  3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

  He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)

  Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)

  His father is in.(副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

  My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)

  The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)

  (常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)……

  It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.

  Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

  The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

  The door remains open. Now I feel tired.

  (三) 挑出下列句中的表语

  ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?

  ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.

  ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

  4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:

  I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)

  How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

  I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)

  2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

  Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

  3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

  He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.


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