发布时间: 2016年07月21日
考研学子的复习进度也正在进行的如火如荼。在考研英语阅读块面,仔细阅读考研文章之后, 再来看题目和选项, 相比很多同学都已经发现一个共性,那就是:同义替换。很多题目和选项都或多或少的与原文里的句子有些不大一样,但是意思却基本相同。
Text1 是一篇讲述如何在对话中有效使用幽默的文章
1. :To make your humor work, you should ________.
答案C:address different problems to different people
定位原文:Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.
答题要点:既然是细节题,并且出现在第一道,那么应该正确答案理应出现在文章前面段落,并且很可能就是第一段.正确选项和原文之间并非出现词汇的同义替换, 而是换了句型.
2:The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.
正确答案B:very conscious of their godlike role
原文复现:"Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
答题要点:这个题目难度较大, 但是解本题的时候, 除了找到此同义替换局外, 还有一点是关键的, 那就是这个例子出现的背景, 那就是护士对医生有着一致的看法和观点, 并且绝对不是一种好的评价, 所以才会拿来开玩笑. 所以再结合原文, 应该推断, B为正确选项.说明医生很在乎自己上帝般的角色God再次出现。
3: It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
正确答案D:have often been the laughing stock
原文定位:You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
答题要点:the Post Office or the telephone system与public services属于上下义的关系,因此一定程度上属于同义替换, 并且laughing stock与scapegoats如果仔细看这段文字的话, 也会发现, 其实就是同义的表达而已.
4:To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.
答案D:as casually as possible
原文定位:If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.
答题要点:先定位, 然后再来分析发现原文中nature, casual, off-the-cuff,relaxed, unforced全都是答案中casually的同义词, 如此之多, 完全可以判定正确选项D
Text 2
1: Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.
正确答案C:the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work
原文定位:Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.
解题要点:本题的难度较小, 很容易辨析, 在原文与选项的对比之后发现tools 再次出现,difficult, dangerous是dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty的同义替换, 也就是换个方式把原文的意思重新表达一次, 很明显为正确选项.
2: The word "gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means ________.
正确答案C:devices
原文定位:As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.
解题要点:从题型来看, 这属于典型的词汇题, 而词汇题的做题关键则是在原文的上下文中找出相应的近义词, 同义词和反义词之类, 也可以使同义表达.从后面定语从句来看,重点是remove human labor. 再从后面的几个例子中,factory, banking, subway train几个东西都是工具,得出答案。
3:题:According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can __
正确答案D:respond independently to a changing world
原文定位:"While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world."
答题要点:reliably interact with a dynamic world是文章中的respond independently to a changing world同义转化,并且题目中也有类似的同义替换, 如beyond man’s ability 等同于原文中的 can not yet give…
4:Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.
正确答案B:deal with some errors with human intervention
原文定位:But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose a real challenge….while we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error…
答题要点:同义替换, with human intervention替换了文中with less human supervision.
比其他一些题目更难的地方在于, 这句话无论是原文还是正确选项都有个前提, 所以必须考虑进来, 如果不考虑前提, 很有可能出现断章取义, 导致错选了A, make a few decision for themselves.
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