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发布时间: 2016年05月24日

新概念英语自学导读:第二册 Lesson53

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课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.
消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火。

(1)at last(终于,到底)表示经过一番努力之后。

(2)put out可以表示“扑灭”、“熄灭”、“关掉”等含义:
Please put the light/ fire out.
请把灯关掉/把火灭掉。

(3)forest虽然是名词,但在句中起形容词的作用,修饰fire。

2.…they have been trying to find out how the fire began.
……他们一直试图找出起火的原因。

(1)短语动词find out表示经过研究、努力等“发现”、“找出”、“查出”:
I'll try and find out the name of the person who saved my life yesterday.
我将设法查出昨天救我命的那个人的姓名。

(2)how the fire began是find out的宾语,它是一个由疑问词how引导的名词从句。

3.They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.
他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的。

(1)start作及物动词时可以表示“使……发生”、“引起”。

(2)be sure后面跟的是名词从句。that引导的这个名词从句也可以写成that the fire was not started by a cigarette end。但这里强调的是引起火灾的原因(不是碎玻璃或烟头),所以用烟头作主语。

4.…a fireman accidentally discovered the cause.
……一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因。

discover本身含有偶然发现(某个已经存在的东西)的含义:
I don't know who discovered America.
我不知道谁发现美洲的。

在discover前面加上accidentally更加强了“偶然”、“意外”的含义。

5.He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line.
他发现了缠绕在16,000伏高压线上的一条死蛇。

(1)the remains表示“尸体”、“残骸”,必须用复数形式:
The villagers were surprised to see the remains of an aeroplane near the lake.
村民们惊讶地发现湖边有一架飞机的残骸。

(2)wound为wind的过去分词。wind在这里不表示“蜿蜒”,而表示“卷在……上”、“缠绕”,常与around/round连用:
Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree?
是你把这根铁丝缠在树上的吗?

(3)wire指具体的电线、铁丝等,line在这里指“线路”,含义比wire广。

6 .When it did so…
当它这样做时……

so常用于一些动词之后,代指前面提过的某个动作/某件事,以免重复。

语法 Grammar in use

一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时(cf.第29课与第52课语法)

一般过去时通常与一个表示确切的时间的状语连用,现在完成时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用,有时不需要时间状语,而现在完成进行时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用,有时与all 表示时间的名词连用。现在完成时与一般过去时中既可以用状态动词(表示存在、拥有、感情、思想、需求等的动词)也可以用行为动词,现在完成进行时则通常与行为动词连用。

词汇学习 Word study

1.throw

throw作及物动词主要含义为“投”、“掷”、“抛”、“扔”。当它与不同的介词或副词连用时,其意义会稍有变化。throw away表示“扔掉”、“丢弃”;throw at表示对准某一目标扔;throw to则表示扔给(某人):

Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly.
许多人随手乱扔香烟头。

Shall I throw this old newspaper away?
我把这旧报纸扔掉好吗?

Don't throw stones at the dog/ the window.
别对着狗/窗子扔石头。

I threw the ball to John but Tom caught it.
我把球扔给约翰,但汤姆接住了球。

2.cause与reason

(1)cause作名词时最重要的含义是“原因”、“起因”:
A fireman accidentally discovered the cause of the fire.
一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因。

Do you know the cause of the war?
你知道这场战争的起因吗?(cause通常与of连用)

cause作动词时可以表示“使……产生/发生”、“引起”:
Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or cigarette ends.
森林火灾时常由碎玻璃或香烟头引起。

What caused the accident?
事故是如何造成的?

(2)reason作名词时最重要的含义是“理由”、“原因”:
Give me your reasons for going there.
请告诉我你去那里的理由。

What was the reason for the delay?
延迟的原因是什么?

作“原因”讲时,reason与cause可以互相交换使用,但reason与介词for连用,而cause则与介词of连用:
What was the cause of the delay?
延迟的原因是什么?

reason后面通常跟why引导的从句:
That was the reason why the meeting was put off.
这就是会议推迟的原因。

reason作动词时表示“推理”、“劝导”、“说服”等:
How can you reason with him when he is so worried?
他现在如此担心,你怎么能劝得了他?

3.drop与fall

drop既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,表示“(使)掉下”、“(使)落下”、“放下”:
As he walked past the tree, an apple dropped from it.
当他走过那棵树时,一个苹果从树上掉了下来。

The waiter dropped a fork.
那侍者掉了一把叉子。

He dropped the bag on the floor.
他把包放在地板上。

fall通常为不及物动词,表示“落下”、“(雨、雪)下”、“降”、“跌倒”、“摔倒”:
I fell and hurt myself.
我摔倒了并受了伤。

Please hold the vase and don't let it fall.
请拿住这花瓶,别让它倒了。

When leaves fall in autumn, I'll come back.
秋天叶落时,我就会回来。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

C
Jack looked at his watch for the twentieth time. Suddenly Jill arrived. ‘I've been waiting for over an hour,’ he said angrily. ‘You never come on time. ’ ‘Oh, is that so?’ Jill answered. ‘Were you here at 2.30?’ Jack went red. ‘Well,’ he said, ‘I go here five minutes late myself, but you weren't here. ’ ‘I came here at exactly 2.30,’ Jill said, ‘and I waited for five minutes, but you didn't come. ’ ‘What have you been doing since then?’ Jack asked. ‘I've just been to the hairdresser's,’ Jill answered brightly.

2.难点练习答案

a
Look, you threw the potato-peeler away by mistake.

The shepherd threw some food to his dogs.

The teacher threw some chalk at a boy who wasn't listening.

b
I'm quite certain these are my glasses.

The children are very quiet. What's going on?

c
The cause of unemployment is complicated.

Can you explain the reason for changing our arrangements?

He reasoned that we would have to comply, even if we didn't wish to.

d
Please don't drop that vase!

It fell from my hands and broke.

3.多项选择题答案
1c 2d   3a 4c      5c 6c
7d 8c   9d 10a   11c 12c


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