发布时间: 2016年05月24日
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.A clear conscience
(标题)问心无愧
clear在这里的含义为“清白的”、“无罪的”,因此这个短语又可译为“清白的良心”,相当于 a good conscience,反义词为 a bad conscience(感到内疚)。
2.The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.
整个村子很快知道,有一大笔钱丢失了。
(1)village在这里为总称,指“村民”,the whole village指“全村的人”,后面通常跟单数动词(有时也可视为复数):
The whole village was excited by the news.
这消息使全村的人兴奋。
(2)learn在句中的含义为“获悉”、“得知”:
I've just learnt that she was ill.
我刚刚得知她病了。
3.Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.
当地的屠户萨姆·本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了。
taking为现在分词。与动名词相似,它也可以有自己的宾语、状语等。在连词while之后,现在分词短语的作用相当于一个时间状语从句:…while he was taking his savings to the post office。现在分词这样用的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个,并且这两个动作通常是同时发生的:
He listened to music while cleaning the room.
他一边打扫房间一边听音乐。
如果是主语不一致则必须用从句:
He listened to music while I was cleaning the room.
我打扫房间时,他在听音乐。
4.Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers…
萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了……
must用于对过去已发生的事进行推测时,后面的动词要用完成式:
When I arrived, he wasn't here. He must have left early.
我到这儿的时候他已不在了。他一定早走了。
5.it contained half the money he had lost
里面有他丢失的钱的一半
我们既可以说 half the money,也可以说 half of the money,它们可以互相替代,但是money前都必须有the,因为是指特定的钱。再如:
Half the bread/ half of the bread was bad.
这面包有一半已变质了。
6.In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way.
很快,萨姆全部的钱都用同样的方式还了回来。
(1)in time可以表示“经过一段时间”或“最终”、“迟早”:
In time, he found all the books he needed.
一段时间以后,他找到了他需要的所有书。
I'll tell you everything in time.
我最终/总有一天会把一切都告诉你的。
(2)in this way表示“用这样的方式”:
You must pay attention to your spelling. In this way, you can become a good secretary in time.
你必须注意你的拼写。这样你才能最终成为一个好秘书。
语法 Grammar in use
被动语态(4)
在第10课、第21课与第34课的语法中,我们学习了用于一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时中的被动语态、情态助动词与被动语态的连用以及动词 宾语 不定式结构中被动语态的使用等:
That table was made in 1970 (by my grandfather).
那张桌子是1970年(由我的祖父)做的。
The rooms must be cleaned today.
这些房间今天必须要打扫干净。
John has been told not to go for a walk when the weather's like this.
约翰已被告知不要在这种天气出去散步。
I never expected the thief to be arrested.
我从没有指望小偷会被逮着。
表示过去发生的动作时,被动语态还可以用于过去完成时;用于完成时的被动语态也可以与情态助动词连用:
Tom had been given a lecture.
汤姆被教训了一顿。
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