常熟哪里有Java语言培训中心_常熟JAVA培训
来源：教育联展网 编辑：佚名 发布时间：2018-10-26
王红元高级讲师
专注移动开发领域，多年iOS开发和教学经验，曾经带领团队开发出众多款
优秀APP作品。
国内知名视频聊天软件 < 新浪秀场 > 就出自王老师之手，王老师全
面负责 < 新浪秀场 > iOS客户端的设计和开发，并参与了 < 新浪秀场 > Android、Windows 、web端
开发。同时王老师还曾兼职担任过多家公司技术顾问，帮助其解决开发中的
重点难题。
除此之外，王老师还主导开发了< 智慧城市 > < 天翼看交通
> < 公交wifi > 等热门APP。王老师开发过的作品涉及旅游、交通、社交、视频等方面，对即时聊天、流媒体等技术有深入研究。
王老师不但开发经验丰富，授课风趣幽默，且激情四射。擅长以各种生活中
的案例出发，帮助学生理解消化学习中的各种难点。另外，王老师教学总是以学生角度思考讲解，备受学生喜爱。
Java开发的应该如何掌握上述相关技术？
一：首先，有这样的一种情况很常见，对于想自学Java开发的人来说，他们
大多数都是非常盲目的，不知道自己改如何入手，很多人在网上找一些视频，然后疯狂的过视频，很快就把一块内容都学完，他们理解的学完了就是视
频看完了，但是让他们动手去做东西却做不出来，而我的理解学完了就是自己能写出东西，所以对于初学者来说一定不能盲目，要有自己的规划，不然
就是浪费时间白忙活。
二：既然是学习Java开发专业技术，我个人的建议是，一定要有一个能指导
你的人，不能都靠自己闭门造车，这样的行为并不聪明，结识一位这方面的人才，时不时去问问人家问题，不然你可能会发现一个小问题能困扰你一天
，**后还不知道是什么原因。
三：学习Java开发技术，不能跟学数学语文一样对待，比较刚接触代码是不
容易记住的，所以要掌握上述的技术，你还要知道学习Java开发技术有哪些“坑”。对于学习方法这块是尤为重要的，怎么学才能让你学完了能记住之
前学的那些，不至于学完了就忘，这个问题值得你学习之前去思考的。
四：根据我多年的学习情况来看，你平时一定要养成好的学习习惯，就说我
自己吧！我就喜欢把自己曾经遇到的问题整理在电脑的日记本上，然后我会搜集一下博客相关的Java技术文章，一些我认为比较有用的网站，以后都能
用的上，这是我个人的学习习惯，相信我，如果你想走的更远，一定要养成习惯。
**后给大家一些详细的学习安排路线：
Java基础：Java基础语法、数组、类与对象、继承与多态、异常、范型、集
合、流与文件、反射、枚举、自动装箱和注解。
数据库：mysql、oracle
Javaweb：HTML与CSS网页开发基础、Java脚本语言、搭建开发环境、JSP基
本语法、JSP内置对象、JavaBean技术、Servlet技术、Ajax技术
框架：Struts2、Hibernate、Spring、SpringMVC、mybatis
互联网类项目 项目一：CRM客户管理系统
项目简介
CRM项目主要是管理企业与客户之间的关系。该项目主要实现功能：营销管
理、客户管理、服务管理、统计报表、基础数据、权限管理等。
技术特点
项目备战（git、Maven、shiro）、Struts2（表现层MVC框架）、
Hibernate(数据层持久化框架)、Spring（业务逻辑IoC和AOP框架）、JBPM（工作流支持）、Junit（单元测试）、Jquery(JS框架)。
学习效果
**项目使学员熟悉软件开发的整个流程（需求分析、设计、编码、测试以
及部署与维护）；提升框架整合能力；成为具备一定的项目管理和架构设计能力的中高级Java工程师。
Android系统启动流程分析
>
随着Android版本的升级,aosp项目中的代码也有了些变化,本文基于Android 7.0分析Android系统启动流程.
简单来说Android系统启动大体如下:
init进程
和所有linux系统一样,Android系统的启动同样是从init进程启动.init进程会解析init.rc文件(关于init.rc中的语法,可以参见我之前写的深入分析AIL语言及init.rc文件),加载相关目录,并启动相关服务
init进程在/system/core/init/init.c
init.rc文件在/system/core/rootdir下
在init.rc中,Zygote进程被启动.Zygote进程是Android所有进程的孵化器进程.init.rc**include引入init.zygote.rc,这里以init.zygote64.rc为例,来看一下其中的代码:
service zygote /system/bin/app_PRocess64 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
class main
priority -20
user root
group root readproc
socket zygote stream 660 root system
onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
onrestart write /sys/power/state on
onrestart restart audioserver
onrestart restart cameraserver
onrestart restart media
onrestart restart netd
writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
我们队这个脚本简单分析:
1. service zygote /system/bin/app_process64 :service命令告诉init进程要创建一个名字为zygote的进程,这个zygote进程执行的程序是/system/bin/app_process64,后面是传给app_process64程序的参数.
3. socket zygote stream 660 root system:表示zygote进程需要一个名为”zygote”的socket,该socket用来实现进程间的通信.当新启动一个应用时,ActivityManagerService想向该Socket发起请求,请求zygote进程fork出一个新的进程.
4. 后面的onretart表示zygote重启时需要执行的动作.
Zygote进程启动
现在我们知道Zygote进程要执行的程序是/system/bin/app_process64,
它位于/frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp当中,其入口函数是main():
int main(int argc, char* const argv[])
{
if (prctl(PR_SET__NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("PR_SET__NEW_PRIVS failed: %s", strerror(errno));
}
if (!LOG_NDEBUG) {
String8 argv_String;
for (int i = 0; i < argc; i) {
argv_String.append("\"");
argv_String.append(argv[i]);
argv_String.append("\" ");
}
ALOGV("app_process main with argv: %s", argv_String.string());
}
AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv));
// Process command line arguments
// ignore argv[0]
argc--;
argv ;
const char* spaced_commands[] = { "-cp", "-classpath" };
bool known_command = false;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < argc; i ) {
if (known_command == true) {
runtime.addOption(strdup(argv[i]));
ALOGV("app_process main add known option %s ", argv[i]);
known_command = false;
continue;
}
for (int j = 0;
j < static_cast<int>(sizeof(spaced_commands) / sizeof(spaced_commands[0]));
j) {
if (strcmp(argv[i], spaced_commands[j]) == 0) {
known_command = true;
ALOGV("app_process main found known command %s ", argv[i]);
}
}
if (argv[i][0] != - ) {
break;
}
if (argv[i][1] == - && argv[i][2] == 0) {
i; // Skip --.
break;
}
runtime.addOption(strdup(argv[i]));
ALOGV("app_process main add option %s ", argv[i]);
}
// Parse runtime arguments. Stop at first unrecognized option.
bool zygote = false;
bool startSystemServer = false;
bool application = false;
String8 niceName;
String8 className;
i; // Skip unused "parent dir" argument.
while (i < argc) {
const char* arg = argv[i ];
if (strcmp(arg, "--zygote") == 0) {
zygote = true;
niceName = ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME;
} else if (strcmp(arg, "--start-system-server") == 0) {
//init.zygote64.rc中接受的参数,表示启动SystemServer组件 startSystemServer = true;
} else if (strcmp(arg, "--application") == 0) {
application = true;
} else if (strncmp(arg, "--nice-name=", 12) == 0) {
niceName.setTo(arg 12);
} else if (strncmp(arg, "--", 2) != 0) {
className.setTo(arg);
break;
} else {
--i;
break;
}
}
Vector<String8> args;
if (!className.isEmpty()) {
args.add(application ? String8("application") : String8("tool"));
runtime.setClassNameAndArgs(className, argc - i, argv i);
if (!LOG_NDEBUG) {
String8 restOfArgs;
char* const* argv_new = argv i;
int argc_new = argc - i;
for (int k = 0; k < argc_new; k) {
restOfArgs.append("\"");
restOfArgs.append(argv_new[k]);
restOfArgs.append("\" ");
}
ALOGV("Class name = %s, args = %s", className.string(), restOfArgs.string());
}
} else {
// We re in zygote mode.
maybeCreateDalvikCache();
if (startSystemServer) {
args.add(String8("start-system-server"));
}
char prop[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
if (property_get(ABI_LIST_PROPERTY, prop, NULL) == 0) {
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: Unable to determine ABI list from property %s.",
ABI_LIST_PROPERTY);
return 11;
}
String8 abiFlag("--abi-list=");
abiFlag.append(prop);
args.add(abiFlag);
// In zygote mode, pass all remaining arguments to the zygote
// main() method.
for (; i < argc; i) {
args.add(String8(argv[i]));
}
}
if (!niceName.isEmpty()) {
runtime.setArgv0(niceName.string(), true /* setProcName */);
}
if (zygote) {
//此处见到了我们熟悉的ZygoteInit,但该方法的具体实现在AndroidRuntime.start()
runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
} else if (className) {
runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args, zygote);
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: no class name or --zygote supplied.\n");
app_usage();
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: no class name or --zygote supplied.");
}
}
该函数**主要的作用就是创建AppRuntime,该类同样是在该文件中定义,具体的定义如下:
class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime
{
public:
AppRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength)
: AndroidRuntime(argBlockStart, argBlockLength)
, mClass(NULL)
{
}
void setClassNameAndArgs(const String8& className, int argc, char * const *argv) {
mClassName = className;
for (int i = 0; i < argc; i) {
mArgs.add(String8(argv[i]));
}
}
virtual void onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
{
if (mClassName.isEmpty()) {
return; // Zygote. Nothing to do here.
}
char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(mClassName.string());
mClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
if (mClass == NULL) {
ALOGE("ERROR: could not find class %s \n", mClassName.string());
}
free(slashClassName);
mClass = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(env->NewGlobalRef(mClass));
}
virtual void onStarted()
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
proc->startThreadPool();
AndroidRuntime* ar = AndroidRuntime::getRuntime();
ar->callMain(mClassName, mClass, mArgs);
IPCThreadState::self()->stopProcess();
}
virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
proc->startThreadPool();
}
virtual void onExit(int code)
{
if (mClassName.isEmpty()) {
// if zygote
IPCThreadState::self()->stopProcess();
}
AndroidRuntime::onExit(code);
}
String8 mClassName;
Vector<String8> mArgs;
jclass mClass;
};
AppRuntime继承了AndroidRuntime,来继续看看AndroidRuntime.start()方法:
它在/frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp,来看下源码:
/*
* Start the Android runtime. This involves starting the virtual machine
* and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
* named by "className".
*
* Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
* options string.
*/
void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote)
{
ALOGD(">>>>>> START %s uid %d <<<<<<\n",
className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)", getuid());
static const String8 startSystemServer("start-system-server");
/*
* startSystemServer == true means runtime is obsolete and not run from
* init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
*/
for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); i) {
if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
/* track our progress through the boot sequence */
const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START, ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MOTONIC)));
}
}
const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
if (rootDir == NULL) {
rootDir = "/system";
if (!hasDir("/system")) {
LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
return;
}
setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
}
//const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
//ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL= %s \n", kernelHack);
//1. 启动虚拟机
if (startVm(&mjavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
return;
}
onVmCreated(env);
//2. 调用startReg()注册JNI方法
if (startReg(env) < 0) {
ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
return;
}
/*
* We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
* At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
* Create an array to hold them.
*/
jclass stringClass;
jobjectArray strArray;
jstring classNameStr;
stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
assert(stringClass != NULL);
strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() 1, stringClass, NULL);
assert(strArray != NULL);
classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
assert(classNameStr != NULL);
env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); i) {
jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
assert(optionsStr != NULL);
env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i 1, optionsStr);
}
/*
* Start VM. This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
* not return until the VM exits.
*/
char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className);
jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
if (startClass == NULL) {
ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class %s \n", slashClassName);
/* keep going */
} else {
//3. 本质就是调用com.android.intrnal.os.ZygoteInit类的main函数
jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
"([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
if (startMeth == NULL) {
ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in %s \n", className);
/* keep going */
} else {
env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
#if 0
if (env->ExceptionCheck())
threadExitUncaughtException(env);
#endif
}
}
free(slashClassName);
ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
}
在start()中主要做三件事情:
1. 调用startVM函数启动虚拟机
2. 调用startReg注册JNI方法
3. 调用com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.java类的main函数.
这里我们重点来ZygoteInit.java.它在
rameworks/base/core/Java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java,我们直接来看他的main方法:
public static void main(String argv[]) {
ZygoteServer zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer();
// Mark zygote start. This ensures that thread creation will throw
// an error.
ZygoteHooks.startZygoteNoThreadCreation();
// Zygote goes into its own process group.
try {
Os.setpgid(0, 0);
} catch (ErrnoException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to setpgid(0,0)", ex);
}
try {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "ZygoteInit");
RuntimeInit.enableDdms();
// Start profiling the zygote initialization.
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
boolean startSystemServer = false;
String socketName = "zygote";
String abiList = null;
for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i ) {
if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
startSystemServer = true;
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
socketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " argv[i]);
}
}
if (abiList == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No ABI list supplied.");
}
//创建名为zygote的socket
zygoteServer.registerServerSocket(socketName);
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "ZygotePreload");
EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
preload();
EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);
// Finish profiling the zygote initialization.
SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeZygoteSnapshot();
// Do an initial gc to clean up after startup
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "PostZygoteInitGC");
gcAndFinalize();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);
// Disable tracing so that forked processes do not inherit stale tracing tags from
// Zygote.
Trace.setTracingEnabled(false);
// Zygote process unmounts root storage spaces.
Zygote.nativeUnmountStorageOnInit();
ZygoteHooks.stopZygoteNoThreadCreation();
if (startSystemServer) {
//启动SystemServer组件
startSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);
}
Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections");
//等待ActivityManagerService请求
zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList);
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
} catch (Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
caller.run();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "System zygote died with exception", ex);
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
throw ex;
}
}
这里的main()方法中主要做了三件事情
1. **registerServerSocket来创建Socket,用来和ActivityManagerService通信
2. **startSystemServer方法来启动SystemServer
3. **runSelectLoop方法来等待来自ActivityManagerService请求
Socket创建
下面我们分别来看看对应着几个方法的具体实现:
首先来看ZygoteServer.resiterServerSocket(),它在
/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteServer.java当中:
void registerServerSocket(String socketName) {
if (mServerSocket == null) {
int fileDesc;
final String fullSocketName = ANDROID_SOCKET_PREFIX socketName;
try {
String env = System.getenv(fullSocketName);
//从环境变量env中获取文件描述符
fileDesc = Integer.parseInt(env);
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(fullSocketName " unset or invalid", ex);
}
try {
//**文件描述符创建socket,该描述符代表/dev/socket/zygote文件.
FileDescriptor fd = new FileDescriptor();
fd.setInt$(fileDesc);
mServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(fd);
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Error binding to local socket " fileDesc " ", ex);
}
}
}
SystemServer启动
再回到ZygoteInit中看startSystemServer()方法:
/**
* Prepare the arguments and fork for the system server process.
*/
private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName, ZygoteServer zygoteServer)
throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
long capabilities = posixCapabilitiesAsBits(
OsConstants.CAP_IPC_LOCK,
OsConstants.CAP_KILL,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_ADMIN,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_BROADCAST,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_RAW,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_MODULE,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_NICE,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_RESOURCE,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TIME,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG,
OsConstants.CAP_WAKE_ALARM
);
/* Containers run without this capability, so avoid setting it in that case */
if (!SystemProperties.getBoolean(PROPERTY_RUNNING_IN_CONTAINER, false)) {
capabilities |= posixCapabilitiesAsBits(OsConstants.CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND);
}
/* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */
String args[] = {
"--setuid=1000",
"--setgid=1000",
"--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3009,3010",
"--capabilities=" capabilities "," capabilities,
"--nice-name=system_server",
"--runtime-args",
"com.android.server.SystemServer",
};
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;
int pid;
try {
parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);
ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
//**forSystemServer()方法创建**个子进程,此处即SystemServer进程
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids,
parsedArgs.debugFlags,
null,
parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
//pid=0表示子进程,此处就是SystemServer进程
if (pid == 0) {
if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
}
//Zygote创建的子进程(此处就是SystemServer)不需要使用Zygote中创建的Socket文件描述符,因此**closeServerSocket()关闭它.
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
}
return true;
}
接着我们看一下handleSystemServerProcess()方法:
/**
* Finish remaining work for the newly forked system server process.
*/
private static void handleSystemServerProcess(
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs)
throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
// set umask to 0077 so new files and directories will default to owner-only permissions.
Os.umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);
}
final String systemServerClasspath = Os.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH");
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
performSystemServerDexOpt(systemServerClasspath);
}
if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
String[] args = parsedArgs.remainingArgs;
// If we have a non-null system server class path, we ll have to duplicate the
// existing arguments and append the classpath to it. ART will handle the classpath
// correctly when we exec a new process.
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
String[] amendedArgs = new String[args.length 2];
amendedArgs[0] = "-cp";
amendedArgs[1] = systemServerClasspath;
System.arraycopy(parsedArgs.remainingArgs, 0, amendedArgs, 2, parsedArgs.remainingArgs.length);
}
WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.invokeWith,
parsedArgs.niceName, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(), null, args);
} else {
ClassLoader cl = null;
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
cl = createSystemServerClassLoader(systemServerClasspath,
parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion);
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
}
//调用zygoteInit()方法进一步执行启动SystemServer组件的操作
RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
}
}
继续来看 RuntimeInit.zygoteInit()函数的具体代码,它在
/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java文件中:
public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "RuntimeInit");
redirectLogStreams();
commonInit();
//native方法,用来执行一个Binder进程间同步新机制的初始化工作.之后,这个进程中的Binder对象就可以方便的进行进程间通信了
nativeZygoteInit();
//执行com.android.server.SystemServer类的main函数
applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
}
private static void applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
//...省略众多代码
invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
}
//真正反射执行SystemServer的main方法
private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
Class<?> cl;
try {
cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing class when invoking static main " className,
ex);
}
Method m;
try {
// **反射执行SystemServer的main()方法
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
//...
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
//...
}
//...
}
接上文来看一下SystemServer.main(),
它在/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
public class SystemServer{
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}
private void run() {
try {
//...省略一些初始化操作
android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(
android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false);
//初始化主线程Looper
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
//创建SystemServiceManager对象
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
}
// 启动关键服务
startBootstrapServices();
//启动核心服务
startCoreServices();
//启动其他服务
startOtherServices();
//...省略多行代码
//启动消息循环
Looper.loop();
}
}
Socket监听
到现在关于ZygoteInit.main()放中两个主要的方法 ZygoteServer.registerServerSocket()和startSystemServer() 我们已经分析完了,他们分别完成Socket的创建以及SystemServer的启动工作,接下来回到ZygoteServer.runSelectLoop()方法:
oid runSelectLoop(String abiList) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
ArrayList<FileDescriptor> fds = new ArrayList<FileDescriptor>();
ArrayList<ZygoteConnection> peers = new ArrayList<ZygoteConnection>();
fds.add(mServerSocket.getFileDescriptor());
peers.add(null);
while (true) {
StructPollfd[] pollFds = new StructPollfd[fds.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < pollFds.length; i) {
pollFds[i] = new StructPollfd();
pollFds[i].fd = fds.get(i);
pollFds[i].events = (short) POLLIN;
}
try {
Os.poll(pollFds, -1);
} catch (ErrnoException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("poll failed", ex);
}
for (int i = pollFds.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
if ((pollFds[i].revents & POLLIN) == 0) {
continue;
}
if (i == 0) {
//监听Socket链接,如果你做过Socket编程就发现此处充当了服务端Socket
ZygoteConnection newPeer = acceptCommandPeer(abiList);
peers.add(newPeer);
fds.add(newPeer.getFileDesciptor());
} else {
//重点关注runOnce()方法
boolean done = peers.get(i).runOnce(this);
if (done) {
peers.remove(i);
fds.remove(i);
}
}
}
}
}
该方法非常简单就是不断的从已经创建的Socket中取出ZygoteConnection请求,继续来:ZygoteConnection.runOnce():
boolean runOnce(ZygoteServer zygoteServer) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
String args[];
Arguments parsedArgs = null;
FileDescriptor[] descriptors;
//...省略一堆参数解析和判断逻辑
try {
//...省略多行
fd = zygoteServer.getServerSocketFileDescriptor();
if (fd != null) {
fdsToClose[1] = fd.getInt$();
}
fd = null;
//关键:**forkAndSpecialize()方法创建非Zygote进程,即普通应用
pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid, parsedArgs.gids,
parsedArgs.debugFlags, rlimits, parsedArgs.mountExternal, parsedArgs.seInfo,
parsedArgs.niceName, fdsToClose, parsedArgs.instructionSet,
parsedArgs.appDataDir);
} catch (ErrnoException ex) {
//...
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
//...
} catch (ZygoteSecurityException ex) {
//...
}
try {
if (pid == 0) {//此处就是普通应用的进程
// in child
//此处创建的进程同样用不到Zygote进程中创建的Sockt,所以关闭它
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
IoUtils.closeQuietly(serverPipeFd);
serverPipeFd = null;
//该方法**终调用程序的入口main方法
handleChildProc(parsedArgs, descriptors, childPipeFd, newStderr);
return true;
} else {
// in parent...pid of < 0 means failure
IoUtils.closeQuietly(childPipeFd);
childPipeFd = null;
return handleParentProc(pid, descriptors, serverPipeFd, parsedArgs);
}
} finally {
IoUtils.closeQuietly(childPipeFd);
IoUtils.closeQuietly(serverPipeFd);
}
}
在runOnce()方法中,Zygote进程根据ActivityManagerService的请求,**forkAndSpecialize()方法来为应用创建新进程,并执行应用的入口main()方法.
到现在我们可以用一张顺序图大体的表示上述的整个流程:
总体而言整个流程还是非常清晰的.另外关于Zygote进程及其他进程的关系,可以看如下图:
总结
系统启动时init进程会创建Zygote进程,Zygote进程负责后续Android应用框架层的其他进程的创建和启动.Zygote进程会首先创建一个SystemSever进程,然后由SystemServer负责启动系统关键服务,如ActivityManagerService或者PackageManagerService等.当需要启动一个新的应用时,ActivityManagerService会**Socket进行通信,Zygote的Socket收到请求之后会为这个应用fork一个新进程,fork成功之后,执行的工作就交给虚拟机.
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